Describe practical steps to make a web page accessible: semantic HTML, ARIA usage, color contrast, keyboard navigation, focus management, and screen reader testing.
How would you make a page accessible?
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The Core Idea
Accessibility means people can use your page with different abilities, devices, and assistive tech. The best answers cover semantics, keyboard use, visual contrast, and testing.
Area | What to do | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
Semantic HTML | Use headings in order, landmarks ( | Gives screen readers structure and intent |
Forms & labels | Pair inputs with | Improves navigation and error comprehension |
Keyboard access | Everything reachable by Tab; visible focus states; logical tab order | Required for users who don’t use a mouse |
ARIA (only when needed) | Add roles/labels for custom widgets; avoid misusing ARIA | Fills gaps when native semantics aren’t available |
Color & contrast | Meet WCAG contrast ratios; don’t rely on color alone | Ensures text and UI are readable |
Testing | Keyboard-only pass, screen reader spot checks, Lighthouse/axe | Catches real usability issues |
Summary
Use semantic HTML first, add ARIA only when necessary, ensure keyboard navigation and focus visibility, verify color contrast, and test with real tools.
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